On-sky Performance in Continuum: A&A paper accepted

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Our paper, "CONCERTO at APEX - On-sky Performance in Continuum", by Hu et al., has just been accepted for publication in A&A.

This paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.15572) marks a major milestone, providing the complete on-sky characterisation of the instrument in continuum.

We present the data-processing algorithms and the performance of CONCERTO in continuum by analysing the data from the commissioning and scientific observations. The beam pattern is characterized by an effective FWHM of 31.9(+-)0.6" and 34.4(+-)1.0" for high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) bands. The main beam is slightly elongated with a mean eccentricity of 0.46. Two error beams of ~65" and ~130" are characterized, enabling the estimate of a main beam efficiency of ~0.52. The field of view is accurately reconstructed and presents coherent distortions between the HF and LF arrays. LEKID parameters were robustly determined for 80% of the read tones. Cross-talks between LEKIDs are the first cause of flagging, followed by an excess of eccentricity for 10% of the LEKIDs, all located in a given region of the field of view. On the 44 scans of Uranus selected for the absolute photometric calibration, 72.5% and 78.2% of the LEKIDs are selected as valid detectors with a probability >70%. By comparing Uranus measurements with a model, we obtain calibration factors of 19.5(+-)0.6 [Hz/Jy] and 25.6(+-)0.9 [Hz/Jy] for HF and LF. The point-source continuum measurement uncertainties are 3.0% and 3.4% for HF and LF bands. The RMS of CONCERTO maps is verified to evolve as proportional to the inverse square root of integration time. The measured NEFDs for HF and LF are 115 2 mJy/beam s^1/2 and 95(+-)1 mJy/beam s^1/2, obtained using CONCERTO data on the COSMOS field for a mean precipitable water vapour and elevation of 0.81 mm and 55.7 deg. CONCERTO demonstrates unique capabilities in fast dual-band spectral mapping with a 18.5' instantaneous field-of-view. CONCERTO's performance in continuum is perfectly in line with expectations.